{
 "dataset": "UK product compliance reference for marketplace sellers",
 "publisher": "Seller Spring",
 "collected_on": "2026-10-04",
 "licence": "Free to reuse with a link to the source page. Not legal or tax advice.",
 "rows": [
  {
   "topic": "General consumer products",
   "rule": "Producers may only place a product on the GB market if it is a safe product. This is the baseline rule for consumer goods not covered by a more specific regime.",
   "applies_to": "manufacturer; importer",
   "region": "GB",
   "legal_instrument": "General Product Safety Regulations 2005",
   "source_title": "The General Product Safety Regulations 2005",
   "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2005/1803",
   "source_quote": "No producer shall place a product on the market unless the product is a safe product.",
   "source_updated": "",
   "source_id": "c04",
   "confirmed_on": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
   "topic": "General consumer products",
   "rule": "A distributor, including a reseller, must take due care. It must not supply a product it knows, or should have presumed from the information it holds, is dangerous.",
   "applies_to": "distributor; online seller",
   "region": "GB",
   "legal_instrument": "General Product Safety Regulations 2005",
   "source_title": "The General Product Safety Regulations 2005",
   "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2005/1803",
   "source_quote": "A distributor shall act with due care in order to help ensure compliance with the applicable safety requirements",
   "source_updated": "",
   "source_id": "c04",
   "confirmed_on": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
   "topic": "General consumer products",
   "rule": "Producers must put measures in place to learn of product risks and act on them, which includes showing the producer's name and address and a product or batch reference on the product or packaging unless that is not reasonable.",
   "applies_to": "manufacturer; importer",
   "region": "GB",
   "legal_instrument": "General Product Safety Regulations 2005",
   "source_title": "The General Product Safety Regulations 2005",
   "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2005/1803",
   "source_quote": "an indication by means of the product or its packaging of— (i) the name and address of the producer",
   "source_updated": "",
   "source_id": "c04",
   "confirmed_on": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
   "topic": "General consumer products",
   "rule": "Anyone selling consumer products is told to keep records of who supplied each product so its origin can be traced, and must report safety risks to the manufacturer, supplier or Trading Standards.",
   "applies_to": "distributor; online seller",
   "region": "GB",
   "legal_instrument": "General Product Safety Regulations 2005",
   "source_title": "Product safety advice for businesses",
   "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/product-safety-advice-for-businesses",
   "source_quote": "You need to keep records identifying the suppliers of the products you sell to allow their origins to be traced.",
   "source_updated": "2026-07-21T16:47:15+01:00",
   "source_id": "c02",
   "confirmed_on": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
   "topic": "General consumer products",
   "rule": "The 2005 Regulations remain the general product safety law in Great Britain.",
   "applies_to": "manufacturer; importer; distributor; online seller",
   "region": "GB",
   "legal_instrument": "General Product Safety Regulations 2005",
   "source_title": "General product safety regulations: Northern Ireland",
   "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/general-product-safety-regulations-northern-ireland",
   "source_quote": "The General Product Safety Regulations 2005 continue to apply in Great Britain.",
   "source_updated": "2025-11-04T09:43:23+00:00",
   "source_id": "c03",
   "confirmed_on": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
   "topic": "General consumer products",
   "rule": "Northern Ireland only: from 13 December 2024 the EU General Product Safety Regulation 2023/988 applies in Northern Ireland in place of the 2005 Regulations.",
   "applies_to": "manufacturer; importer; distributor; online seller; marketplace",
   "region": "NI",
   "legal_instrument": "Regulation (EU) 2023/988 on general product safety",
   "source_title": "Product safety advice for businesses",
   "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/product-safety-advice-for-businesses",
   "source_quote": "From 13 December 2024 Regulation (EU) 2023/988 on general product safety applies in Northern Ireland.",
   "source_updated": "2026-07-21T16:47:15+01:00",
   "source_id": "c02",
   "confirmed_on": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
   "topic": "General consumer products",
   "rule": "Northern Ireland only: the NI guidance says obligations under the EU regulation reach authorised representatives, importers, distributors, fulfilment service providers and providers of online marketplaces.",
   "applies_to": "manufacturer; importer; distributor; marketplace",
   "region": "NI",
   "legal_instrument": "Regulation (EU) 2023/988 on general product safety",
   "source_title": "General product safety regulations: Northern Ireland",
   "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/general-product-safety-regulations-northern-ireland",
   "source_quote": "includes obligations for manufacturers and their authorised representatives, importers, distributors, fulfilment service providers and the providers of online marketplaces",
   "source_updated": "2025-11-04T09:43:23+00:00",
   "source_id": "c03",
   "confirmed_on": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
   "topic": "General consumer products",
   "rule": "Northern Ireland only: the EU regulation superseded the 2005 Regulations in Northern Ireland on 13 December 2024.",
   "applies_to": "manufacturer; importer; distributor; online seller; marketplace",
   "region": "NI",
   "legal_instrument": "Regulation (EU) 2023/988 on general product safety",
   "source_title": "General product safety regulations: Northern Ireland",
   "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/general-product-safety-regulations-northern-ireland",
   "source_quote": "superseded the General Product Safety Regulations 2005 in NI on 13 December 2024",
   "source_updated": "2025-11-04T09:43:23+00:00",
   "source_id": "c03",
   "confirmed_on": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
   "topic": "Product Regulation and Metrology Act 2025",
   "rule": "The Act lets ministers make product regulations that include requirements about marketing products through an online marketplace. It is an enabling Act, so the detailed duties depend on regulations made under it.",
   "applies_to": "marketplace",
   "region": "GB",
   "legal_instrument": "Product Regulation and Metrology Act 2025, section 2",
   "source_title": "Product Regulation and Metrology Act 2025",
   "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/20",
   "source_quote": "the marketing of products through an online marketplace",
   "source_updated": "",
   "source_id": "c06",
   "confirmed_on": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
   "topic": "Product Regulation and Metrology Act 2025",
   "rule": "The Act covers persons who control access to, or the contents of, an online marketplace, so regulations could place duties on marketplace operators.",
   "applies_to": "marketplace",
   "region": "GB",
   "legal_instrument": "Product Regulation and Metrology Act 2025, section 2",
   "source_title": "Product Regulation and Metrology Act 2025",
   "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/20",
   "source_quote": "controls access to an online marketplace, (ii) controls the contents of an online marketplace",
   "source_updated": "",
   "source_id": "c06",
   "confirmed_on": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
   "topic": "Product Regulation and Metrology Act 2025",
   "rule": "gov.uk says the Act's powers will be used to keep product law up to date and to ensure a level playing field between the high street and online marketplaces.",
   "applies_to": "marketplace; online seller",
   "region": "GB",
   "legal_instrument": "Product Regulation and Metrology Act 2025",
   "source_title": "Refining the law to better protect consumers",
   "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/refining-the-law-to-better-protect-consumers",
   "source_quote": "ensure a level playing field between the high street and online marketplaces",
   "source_updated": "2026-04-08T10:03:54+01:00",
   "source_id": "c05",
   "confirmed_on": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
   "topic": "Product Regulation and Metrology Act 2025",
   "rule": "Three consultations on the new framework, enforcement and upholstered furniture fire safety closed on 23 June 2026. Outcomes were not in the page fetched.",
   "applies_to": "manufacturer; importer; distributor; online seller; marketplace",
   "region": "GB",
   "legal_instrument": "Product Regulation and Metrology Act 2025",
   "source_title": "Refining the law to better protect consumers",
   "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/refining-the-law-to-better-protect-consumers",
   "source_quote": "All closing 11.59pm on 23 June 2026.",
   "source_updated": "2026-04-08T10:03:54+01:00",
   "source_id": "c05",
   "confirmed_on": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
   "topic": "UKCA and CE marking",
   "rule": "GB continues to recognise the CE marking alongside or instead of UKCA for the Great Britain market under the 2024 amendment regulations. Businesses can pick either route.",
   "applies_to": "manufacturer; importer",
   "region": "GB",
   "legal_instrument": "Product Safety and Metrology etc. (Amendment) Regulations 2024",
   "source_title": "Placing UKCA or CE marked products on the market in Great Britain",
   "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/placing-ukca-or-ce-marked-products-on-the-market-in-great-britain",
   "source_quote": "the UK continues to recognise the CE marking, alongside or in place of the UKCA marking, for the Great Britain market under The Product Safety and Metrology (Amendment) Regulations 2024",
   "source_updated": "2026-08-21T11:45:02+01:00",
   "source_id": "c01",
   "confirmed_on": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
   "topic": "UKCA and CE marking",
   "rule": "A conformity marking is only needed where sector-specific regulations require one. Not every product must carry UKCA or CE.",
   "applies_to": "manufacturer; importer",
   "region": "GB",
   "legal_instrument": "UKCA and CE regimes",
   "source_title": "Placing UKCA or CE marked products on the market in Great Britain",
   "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/placing-ukca-or-ce-marked-products-on-the-market-in-great-britain",
   "source_quote": "Conformity marking is only necessary if required under sector-specific regulations.",
   "source_updated": "2026-08-21T11:45:02+01:00",
   "source_id": "c01",
   "confirmed_on": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
   "topic": "UKCA and CE marking",
   "rule": "Until 11pm on 31 December 2027 the UKCA marking can go on a label or accompanying document instead of the product itself, for most sectors.",
   "applies_to": "manufacturer; importer",
   "region": "GB",
   "legal_instrument": "UKCA marking rules",
   "source_title": "Placing UKCA or CE marked products on the market in Great Britain",
   "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/placing-ukca-or-ce-marked-products-on-the-market-in-great-britain",
   "source_quote": "until 11pm on 31 December 2027",
   "source_updated": "2026-08-21T11:45:02+01:00",
   "source_id": "c01",
   "confirmed_on": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
   "topic": "UKCA and CE marking",
   "rule": "Technical documentation must be kept for the period the legislation sets, typically 10 years from when each product was placed on the GB market.",
   "applies_to": "manufacturer; importer",
   "region": "GB",
   "legal_instrument": "UKCA and CE regimes",
   "source_title": "Placing UKCA or CE marked products on the market in Great Britain",
   "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/placing-ukca-or-ce-marked-products-on-the-market-in-great-britain",
   "source_quote": "(typically 10 years) after each individual product has been placed on the Great Britain market",
   "source_updated": "2026-08-21T11:45:02+01:00",
   "source_id": "c01",
   "confirmed_on": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
   "topic": "UKCA and CE marking",
   "rule": "Instructions that come with a product must be clear, legible and in easily understandable English.",
   "applies_to": "manufacturer",
   "region": "GB",
   "legal_instrument": "UKCA and CE regimes",
   "source_title": "Placing UKCA or CE marked products on the market in Great Britain",
   "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/placing-ukca-or-ce-marked-products-on-the-market-in-great-britain",
   "source_quote": "clear, legible, and in easily understandable English",
   "source_updated": "2026-08-21T11:45:02+01:00",
   "source_id": "c01",
   "confirmed_on": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
   "topic": "UKCA and CE marking",
   "rule": "Northern Ireland only: under the Windsor Framework the relevant EU product rules apply and the route is CE, or CE and UKNI, marking.",
   "applies_to": "manufacturer; importer; distributor",
   "region": "NI",
   "legal_instrument": "CE regime in Northern Ireland",
   "source_title": "Placing CE, or CE and UKNI marked products on the market in Northern Ireland",
   "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/placing-ce-or-ce-and-ukni-marked-products-on-the-market-in-northern-ireland",
   "source_quote": "Under the Windsor Framework agreement relevant EU rules relating to manufactured products apply in Northern Ireland.",
   "source_updated": "2026-04-08T16:30:02+01:00",
   "source_id": "c07",
   "confirmed_on": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
   "topic": "UK-based economic operator / Responsible Person for non-UK manufacturers",
   "rule": "An importer for UKCA or CE purposes is established in the UK and brings in a product from outside the UK, so a non-UK manufacturer needs a UK-established importer or an authorised representative.",
   "applies_to": "importer",
   "region": "GB",
   "legal_instrument": "UKCA and CE regimes",
   "source_title": "Placing UKCA or CE marked products on the market in Great Britain",
   "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/placing-ukca-or-ce-marked-products-on-the-market-in-great-britain",
   "source_quote": "An importer is any individual or business established in the UK who supplies a product from a country outside the UK for distribution, consumption or use in the course of a commercial activity.",
   "source_updated": "2026-08-21T11:45:02+01:00",
   "source_id": "c01",
   "confirmed_on": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
   "topic": "UK-based economic operator / Responsible Person for non-UK manufacturers",
   "rule": "An authorised representative must be established in the UK and is appointed in writing by the manufacturer to do agreed tasks.",
   "applies_to": "manufacturer",
   "region": "GB",
   "legal_instrument": "UKCA and CE regimes",
   "source_title": "Placing UKCA or CE marked products on the market in Great Britain",
   "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/placing-ukca-or-ce-marked-products-on-the-market-in-great-britain",
   "source_quote": "An authorised representative is an individual or company who is established in the UK and is appointed by a manufacturer to carry out agreed tasks on their behalf.",
   "source_updated": "2026-08-21T11:45:02+01:00",
   "source_id": "c01",
   "confirmed_on": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
   "topic": "UK-based economic operator / Responsible Person for non-UK manufacturers",
   "rule": "Manufacturers and importers must show their name, registered trade name or trademark and a postal address on the product.",
   "applies_to": "manufacturer; importer",
   "region": "GB",
   "legal_instrument": "UKCA and CE regimes",
   "source_title": "Placing UKCA or CE marked products on the market in Great Britain",
   "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/placing-ukca-or-ce-marked-products-on-the-market-in-great-britain",
   "source_quote": "indicate on the product: their name registered trade name or registered trademark postal address",
   "source_updated": "2026-08-21T11:45:02+01:00",
   "source_id": "c01",
   "confirmed_on": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
   "topic": "UK-based economic operator / Responsible Person for non-UK manufacturers",
   "rule": "A distributor or importer that sells a product under its own name or trademark takes on the manufacturer's responsibilities.",
   "applies_to": "importer; distributor; online seller",
   "region": "GB",
   "legal_instrument": "UKCA and CE regimes",
   "source_title": "Placing UKCA or CE marked products on the market in Great Britain",
   "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/placing-ukca-or-ce-marked-products-on-the-market-in-great-britain",
   "source_quote": "If a distributor places products on the market under their own name or trademark",
   "source_updated": "2026-08-21T11:45:02+01:00",
   "source_id": "c01",
   "confirmed_on": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
   "topic": "Toys",
   "rule": "The manufacturer must ensure each toy carries a type, batch, serial or model number and the manufacturer's name or trade name and one contact address.",
   "applies_to": "manufacturer",
   "region": "GB",
   "legal_instrument": "Toys (Safety) Regulations 2011",
   "source_title": "The Toys (Safety) Regulations 2011",
   "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2011/1881",
   "source_quote": "(c) a single address at which the manufacturer can be contacted",
   "source_updated": "",
   "source_id": "c08",
   "confirmed_on": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
   "topic": "Toys",
   "rule": "Warnings and safety information must be marked in English in a clearly visible and legible way on the toy, its packaging and instructions.",
   "applies_to": "manufacturer; importer",
   "region": "GB",
   "legal_instrument": "Toys (Safety) Regulations 2011",
   "source_title": "The Toys (Safety) Regulations 2011",
   "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2011/1881",
   "source_quote": "must be marked in English in a clearly visible, easily legible, understandable and accurate manner",
   "source_updated": "",
   "source_id": "c08",
   "confirmed_on": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
   "topic": "Toys",
   "rule": "A UK importer is defined as a person established in the UK that places a toy from outside the UK on the market, so a non-UK maker needs one to sell into GB.",
   "applies_to": "importer",
   "region": "GB",
   "legal_instrument": "Toys (Safety) Regulations 2011",
   "source_title": "The Toys (Safety) Regulations 2011",
   "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2011/1881",
   "source_quote": "is established in the United Kingdom and places a toy from a country outside of the United Kingdom on the market",
   "source_updated": "",
   "source_id": "c08",
   "confirmed_on": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
   "topic": "Cosmetics",
   "rule": "Every cosmetic product sold in GB must have a Responsible Person with a UK address. Mail forwarding and PO boxes do not count.",
   "applies_to": "manufacturer; importer; distributor",
   "region": "GB",
   "legal_instrument": "Cosmetic Products Regulation (EC) 1223/2009 as it applies in GB",
   "source_title": "Making cosmetic products available to consumers in Great Britain",
   "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/making-cosmetic-products-available-to-consumers-in-great-britain",
   "source_quote": "A Responsible Person must have a UK established address to make cosmetic products available in GB.",
   "source_updated": "2021-10-04T00:00:00+01:00",
   "source_id": "c09",
   "confirmed_on": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
   "topic": "Cosmetics",
   "rule": "The Responsible Person can be the manufacturer, the importer, a distributor that labels the product as its own, or an appointed person.",
   "applies_to": "manufacturer; importer; distributor; online seller",
   "region": "GB",
   "legal_instrument": "Cosmetic Products Regulation (EC) 1223/2009 as it applies in GB",
   "source_title": "Submit a cosmetic product notification",
   "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/submit-a-cosmetic-product-notification",
   "source_quote": "the distributor, if they label the product as their own",
   "source_updated": "2020-12-31T22:00:09+00:00",
   "source_id": "c10",
   "confirmed_on": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
   "topic": "Cosmetics",
   "rule": "Cosmetic products must be notified on the UK Submit Cosmetic Product Notifications service (SCPN) before they are made available in GB.",
   "applies_to": "manufacturer; importer; distributor",
   "region": "GB",
   "legal_instrument": "Cosmetic Products Regulation (EC) 1223/2009 as it applies in GB",
   "source_title": "Submit a cosmetic product notification",
   "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/submit-a-cosmetic-product-notification",
   "source_quote": "you must notify your cosmetic products using the Submit cosmetic product notifications service",
   "source_updated": "2020-12-31T22:00:09+00:00",
   "source_id": "c10",
   "confirmed_on": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
   "topic": "Cosmetics",
   "rule": "The container and packaging must show the name and address of the Responsible Person.",
   "applies_to": "manufacturer; importer; distributor",
   "region": "GB",
   "legal_instrument": "Cosmetic Products Regulation (EC) 1223/2009 as it applies in GB",
   "source_title": "Making cosmetic products available to consumers in Great Britain",
   "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/making-cosmetic-products-available-to-consumers-in-great-britain",
   "source_quote": "the name and address of the Responsible Person",
   "source_updated": "2021-10-04T00:00:00+01:00",
   "source_id": "c09",
   "confirmed_on": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
   "topic": "Cosmetics",
   "rule": "A Product Information File, including a safety report by a qualified assessor, must be kept for 10 years after the last batch was made available.",
   "applies_to": "manufacturer; importer; distributor",
   "region": "GB",
   "legal_instrument": "Cosmetic Products Regulation (EC) 1223/2009 as it applies in GB",
   "source_title": "Making cosmetic products available to consumers in Great Britain",
   "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/making-cosmetic-products-available-to-consumers-in-great-britain",
   "source_quote": "The PIF must be kept for 10 years after the last batch of the cosmetic product was made available.",
   "source_updated": "2021-10-04T00:00:00+01:00",
   "source_id": "c09",
   "confirmed_on": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
   "topic": "Cosmetics",
   "rule": "Northern Ireland only: a separate process applies to placing cosmetic products on the market in Northern Ireland.",
   "applies_to": "manufacturer; importer",
   "region": "NI",
   "legal_instrument": "Cosmetic Products Regulation (EC) 1223/2009 in Northern Ireland",
   "source_title": "Submit a cosmetic product notification",
   "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/submit-a-cosmetic-product-notification",
   "source_quote": "There is a separate process for placing cosmetic products on the market in Northern Ireland.",
   "source_updated": "2020-12-31T22:00:09+00:00",
   "source_id": "c10",
   "confirmed_on": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
   "topic": "Electrical equipment",
   "rule": "Electrical equipment must be marked with the manufacturer's name or trade mark and one postal address, or this goes on the packaging or a document if the product is too small.",
   "applies_to": "manufacturer",
   "region": "GB",
   "legal_instrument": "Electrical Equipment (Safety) Regulations 2016",
   "source_title": "The Electrical Equipment (Safety) Regulations 2016",
   "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2016/1101",
   "source_quote": "(ii) a single postal address at which the manufacturer can be contacted",
   "source_updated": "",
   "source_id": "c11",
   "confirmed_on": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
   "topic": "Radio equipment",
   "rule": "The Radio Equipment Regulations 2017 apply when placing radio equipment on the GB market.",
   "applies_to": "manufacturer; importer; distributor",
   "region": "GB",
   "legal_instrument": "Radio Equipment Regulations 2017",
   "source_title": "Radio equipment regulations",
   "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/radio-equipment-regulations-2017",
   "source_quote": "In Great Britain, the Radio Equipment Regulations 2017 apply when placing products on the GB market.",
   "source_updated": "2025-12-16T00:05:05+00:00",
   "source_id": "c12",
   "confirmed_on": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
   "topic": "Radio equipment",
   "rule": "Northern Ireland only: the Regulations were modified on 28 December 2024 by the Radio Equipment (Amendment) (Northern Ireland) Regulations 2024.",
   "applies_to": "manufacturer; importer; distributor",
   "region": "NI",
   "legal_instrument": "Radio Equipment (Amendment) (Northern Ireland) Regulations 2024 and 2025",
   "source_title": "Radio equipment regulations",
   "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/radio-equipment-regulations-2017",
   "source_quote": "were modified on 28 December 2024 by the Radio Equipment (Amendment) (Northern Ireland) Regulations 2024",
   "source_updated": "2025-12-16T00:05:05+00:00",
   "source_id": "c12",
   "confirmed_on": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
   "topic": "Batteries",
   "rule": "The first business in the UK chain to place batteries on the market, including batteries inside products, is the battery producer and carries the compliance duties if it has a UK presence.",
   "applies_to": "manufacturer; importer",
   "region": "GB",
   "legal_instrument": "Waste Batteries and Accumulators Regulations 2009",
   "source_title": "Regulations: waste batteries",
   "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/regulations-batteries-and-waste-batteries",
   "source_quote": "is classed as the producer and is therefore responsible for compliance if the business has a UK presence.",
   "source_updated": "2021-01-01T02:15:00+00:00",
   "source_id": "c13",
   "confirmed_on": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
   "topic": "Batteries",
   "rule": "UK distributors and retailers selling or supplying more than 32 kg of batteries a year must offer a take-back service for waste portable batteries.",
   "applies_to": "distributor; online seller",
   "region": "GB",
   "legal_instrument": "Waste Batteries and Accumulators Regulations 2009",
   "source_title": "Regulations: waste batteries",
   "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/regulations-batteries-and-waste-batteries",
   "source_quote": "UK distributors and retailers that sell or supply more than 32 kg of batteries a year must provide a take back service.",
   "source_updated": "2021-01-01T02:15:00+00:00",
   "source_id": "c13",
   "confirmed_on": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
   "topic": "Batteries",
   "rule": "Portable battery producers placing more than 1 tonne a year on the market must join a Battery Compliance Scheme.",
   "applies_to": "manufacturer; importer",
   "region": "GB",
   "legal_instrument": "Waste Batteries and Accumulators Regulations 2009",
   "source_title": "Regulations: waste batteries",
   "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/regulations-batteries-and-waste-batteries",
   "source_quote": "producers of portable batteries that place more than 1 tonne a year on the market must join a Battery Compliance Scheme",
   "source_updated": "2021-01-01T02:15:00+00:00",
   "source_id": "c13",
   "confirmed_on": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
   "topic": "Batteries",
   "rule": "Battery producers placing 1 tonne or less a year must register with the environmental regulator of the UK country where their registered office is.",
   "applies_to": "manufacturer; importer",
   "region": "GB",
   "legal_instrument": "Waste Batteries and Accumulators Regulations 2009",
   "source_title": "Waste batteries: producer responsibility",
   "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/waste-batteries-producer-responsibility",
   "source_quote": "Place 1 tonne or less on the market You must register with the environmental regulator of the UK country where your registered office is",
   "source_updated": "2026-05-11T15:28:50+01:00",
   "source_id": "c14",
   "confirmed_on": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
   "topic": "Batteries",
   "rule": "A business placing products that contain batteries is still a battery producer even if the product is outside the WEEE Regulations.",
   "applies_to": "manufacturer; importer",
   "region": "GB",
   "legal_instrument": "Waste Batteries and Accumulators Regulations 2009",
   "source_title": "Waste batteries: producer responsibility",
   "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/waste-batteries-producer-responsibility",
   "source_quote": "Even if your EEE does not fall under the WEEE Regulations you will still be a battery producer.",
   "source_updated": "2026-05-11T15:28:50+01:00",
   "source_id": "c14",
   "confirmed_on": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
   "topic": "WEEE",
   "rule": "All distributors, including online sellers, must offer free take-back of old WEEE from customers buying like-for-like products, in store, online or by mail order.",
   "applies_to": "distributor; online seller",
   "region": "GB",
   "legal_instrument": "Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Regulations 2013",
   "source_title": "Regulations: Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE)",
   "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/regulations-waste-electrical-and-electronic-equipment",
   "source_quote": "offer free takeback on WEEE accept WEEE for free from customers supplied with like-for-like products",
   "source_updated": "2025-08-12T11:48:58+01:00",
   "source_id": "c15",
   "confirmed_on": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
   "topic": "WEEE",
   "rule": "A business selling less than £100,000 of EEE a year, or selling only online, can join the Distributor Takeback Scheme instead of running its own take-back.",
   "applies_to": "distributor; online seller",
   "region": "GB",
   "legal_instrument": "Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Regulations 2013",
   "source_title": "Regulations: Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE)",
   "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/regulations-waste-electrical-and-electronic-equipment",
   "source_quote": "If your business sells less than £100,000 of EEE per year or is solely an online EEE retailer, or both, you can join the Distributor Takeback Scheme",
   "source_updated": "2025-08-12T11:48:58+01:00",
   "source_id": "c15",
   "confirmed_on": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
   "topic": "WEEE",
   "rule": "Online retailers must publish take-back information for customers on their website.",
   "applies_to": "online seller",
   "region": "GB",
   "legal_instrument": "Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Regulations 2013",
   "source_title": "Electrical waste: retailer and distributor responsibilities",
   "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/electricalwaste-producer-supplier-responsibilities",
   "source_quote": "Online retailers You must publish this information on your website.",
   "source_updated": "2015-04-02T16:30:00+01:00",
   "source_id": "c16",
   "confirmed_on": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
   "topic": "WEEE",
   "rule": "The WEEE rules apply however the product is sold, including internet, mail order or telephone.",
   "applies_to": "distributor; online seller",
   "region": "GB",
   "legal_instrument": "Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Regulations 2013",
   "source_title": "Electrical waste: retailer and distributor responsibilities",
   "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/electricalwaste-producer-supplier-responsibilities",
   "source_quote": "apply regardless of how you sell the products, whether direct or by internet, mail order or telephone",
   "source_updated": "2015-04-02T16:30:00+01:00",
   "source_id": "c16",
   "confirmed_on": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
   "topic": "WEEE",
   "rule": "The Distributor Takeback Scheme fee covers a seller's WEEE take-back duties until 31 December 2026.",
   "applies_to": "distributor; online seller",
   "region": "GB",
   "legal_instrument": "Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Regulations 2013",
   "source_title": "Electrical waste: retailer and distributor responsibilities",
   "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/electricalwaste-producer-supplier-responsibilities",
   "source_quote": "( WEEE ) obligations until 31 December 2026",
   "source_updated": "2015-04-02T16:30:00+01:00",
   "source_id": "c16",
   "confirmed_on": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
   "topic": "WEEE",
   "rule": "Operators of online marketplaces that place EEE on the UK market from non-UK suppliers, and non-UK sellers supplying UK end users by distance selling, count as producers.",
   "applies_to": "marketplace; importer; online seller",
   "region": "GB",
   "legal_instrument": "Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Regulations 2013",
   "source_title": "Regulations: Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE)",
   "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/regulations-waste-electrical-and-electronic-equipment",
   "source_quote": "operators of online marketplaces (OMPs) who place EEE on the UK market from non- UK based suppliers",
   "source_updated": "2025-08-12T11:48:58+01:00",
   "source_id": "c15",
   "confirmed_on": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
   "topic": "WEEE",
   "rule": "Producers placing under 5 tonnes of EEE a year can register directly with their regulator; above 5 tonnes they must join a producer compliance scheme.",
   "applies_to": "manufacturer; importer",
   "region": "GB",
   "legal_instrument": "Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Regulations 2013",
   "source_title": "Regulations: Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE)",
   "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/regulations-waste-electrical-and-electronic-equipment",
   "source_quote": "if they place less than 5 tonnes of EEE on the UK market in a compliance year, they can register directly with their environmental regulator as a small producer",
   "source_updated": "2025-08-12T11:48:58+01:00",
   "source_id": "c15",
   "confirmed_on": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
   "topic": "WEEE",
   "rule": "Distributors must keep a record of all WEEE taken back for at least four years.",
   "applies_to": "distributor; online seller",
   "region": "GB",
   "legal_instrument": "Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Regulations 2013",
   "source_title": "Regulations: Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE)",
   "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/regulations-waste-electrical-and-electronic-equipment",
   "source_quote": "retain a record of all WEEE taken back for at least four years",
   "source_updated": "2025-08-12T11:48:58+01:00",
   "source_id": "c15",
   "confirmed_on": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
   "topic": "Packaging EPR",
   "rule": "Owning an online marketplace where packaged goods are supplied in the UK from outside the UK counts as a packaging activity, which makes the owner a producer of packaging.",
   "applies_to": "marketplace",
   "region": "GB",
   "legal_instrument": "Extended producer responsibility for packaging regulations (as referenced by gov.uk guidance)",
   "source_title": "Check if you must comply with EPR for packaging",
   "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/check-if-you-must-comply-with-epr-for-packaging--2",
   "source_quote": "owning an online marketplace where filled or unfilled packaging is supplied in the UK from outside the UK",
   "source_updated": "2026-08-19T13:12:14+01:00",
   "source_id": "c17",
   "confirmed_on": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
   "topic": "Packaging EPR",
   "rule": "An obligated producer must be established in the UK, have supplied or imported more than 25 tonnes of packaging in the previous year and have annual worldwide turnover of £1 million or more.",
   "applies_to": "manufacturer; importer; online seller; marketplace",
   "region": "GB",
   "legal_instrument": "EPR for packaging regulations",
   "source_title": "Check if you must comply with EPR for packaging",
   "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/check-if-you-must-comply-with-epr-for-packaging--2",
   "source_quote": "you supplied or imported more than 25 tonnes of packaging in the UK in the previous year",
   "source_updated": "2026-08-19T13:12:14+01:00",
   "source_id": "c17",
   "confirmed_on": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
   "topic": "Packaging EPR",
   "rule": "Turnover test: annual worldwide turnover of £1 million or more.",
   "applies_to": "manufacturer; importer; online seller; marketplace",
   "region": "GB",
   "legal_instrument": "EPR for packaging regulations",
   "source_title": "Check if you must comply with EPR for packaging",
   "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/check-if-you-must-comply-with-epr-for-packaging--2",
   "source_quote": "your annual turnover worldwide was £1 million or more",
   "source_updated": "2026-08-19T13:12:14+01:00",
   "source_id": "c17",
   "confirmed_on": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
   "topic": "Packaging EPR",
   "rule": "Large producer: more than 50 tonnes and turnover above £2 million. Small producer: 25 to 50 tonnes from £1 million, or more than 50 tonnes between £1 million and £2 million.",
   "applies_to": "manufacturer; importer; online seller; marketplace",
   "region": "GB",
   "legal_instrument": "EPR for packaging regulations",
   "source_title": "Check if you must comply with EPR for packaging",
   "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/check-if-you-must-comply-with-epr-for-packaging--2",
   "source_quote": "More than 50 tonnes No obligation Small producer Large producer",
   "source_updated": "2026-08-19T13:12:14+01:00",
   "source_id": "c17",
   "confirmed_on": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
   "topic": "Packaging EPR",
   "rule": "Selling filled packaging to a consumer or business is a packaging activity, so sellers must count it in the threshold test.",
   "applies_to": "online seller",
   "region": "GB",
   "legal_instrument": "EPR for packaging regulations",
   "source_title": "Check if you must comply with EPR for packaging",
   "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/check-if-you-must-comply-with-epr-for-packaging--2",
   "source_quote": "selling filled packaging to an end user (consumer or business)",
   "source_updated": "2026-08-19T13:12:14+01:00",
   "source_id": "c17",
   "confirmed_on": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
   "topic": "Packaging EPR",
   "rule": "Small producers must register, report packaging data every year and keep data for 7 years.",
   "applies_to": "manufacturer; importer; online seller",
   "region": "GB",
   "legal_instrument": "EPR for packaging regulations",
   "source_title": "Check if you must comply with EPR for packaging",
   "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/check-if-you-must-comply-with-epr-for-packaging--2",
   "source_quote": "As a small producer, you must: register with your environmental regulator report packaging data every year keep required data for 7 years",
   "source_updated": "2026-08-19T13:12:14+01:00",
   "source_id": "c17",
   "confirmed_on": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
   "topic": "Product labelling and traceability",
   "rule": "Food contact materials and articles must be traceable at every stage, and businesses need systems to identify who they bought from and sold to.",
   "applies_to": "manufacturer; importer; distributor; online seller",
   "region": "GB",
   "legal_instrument": "Regulation (EC) No 1935/2004 as retained in UK law",
   "source_title": "Regulation (EC) No 1935/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 October 2004 on materials and articles intended to come into contact with food and repealing Directives 80/590/EEC and 89/109/EEC",
   "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eur/2004/1935",
   "source_quote": "The traceability of materials and articles shall be ensured at all stages in order to facilitate control",
   "source_updated": "",
   "source_id": "c20",
   "confirmed_on": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
   "topic": "Product labelling and traceability",
   "rule": "Materials not yet in contact with food must come with a food-contact indication or the glass-and-fork symbol, any special use instructions, and the maker or seller's name and address.",
   "applies_to": "manufacturer; importer; distributor",
   "region": "GB",
   "legal_instrument": "Regulation (EC) No 1935/2004 as retained in UK law",
   "source_title": "Regulation (EC) No 1935/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 October 2004 on materials and articles intended to come into contact with food and repealing Directives 80/590/EEC and 89/109/EEC",
   "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eur/2004/1935",
   "source_quote": "materials and articles, which are not yet in contact with food when placed on the market, shall be accompanied by",
   "source_updated": "",
   "source_id": "c20",
   "confirmed_on": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
   "topic": "Children's nightwear and furniture fire safety",
   "rule": "Children's nightwear fabric must meet the flammability performance requirements, with labelling rules for items such as pyjamas and babies' garments.",
   "applies_to": "manufacturer; importer; distributor",
   "region": "GB",
   "legal_instrument": "Nightwear (Safety) Regulations 1985",
   "source_title": "The Nightwear (Safety) Regulations 1985",
   "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1985/2043",
   "source_quote": "shall not be made of any fabric of a kind which after having been washed in accordance with Regulation 11 is not capable of complying with the flammability performance requirements",
   "source_updated": "",
   "source_id": "c18",
   "confirmed_on": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
   "topic": "Children's nightwear and furniture fire safety",
   "rule": "No one may supply nightwear that does not meet the Regulations.",
   "applies_to": "manufacturer; importer; distributor; online seller",
   "region": "GB",
   "legal_instrument": "Nightwear (Safety) Regulations 1985",
   "source_title": "The Nightwear (Safety) Regulations 1985",
   "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1985/2043",
   "source_quote": "in respect of which any of the requirements of these Regulations are not satisfied",
   "source_updated": "",
   "source_id": "c18",
   "confirmed_on": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
   "topic": "Children's nightwear and furniture fire safety",
   "rule": "gov.uk says the amendment regulations remove the requirement for manufacturers to fix a display label to new furniture products.",
   "applies_to": "manufacturer; importer; distributor",
   "region": "GB",
   "legal_instrument": "Furniture and Furnishings (Fire) (Safety) Regulations 1988 as amended in 2025",
   "source_title": "Furniture and furnishings fire safety regulations",
   "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/furniture-and-furnishings-fire-safety-regulations",
   "source_quote": "remove the requirement for manufacturers to affix a display label to new products",
   "source_updated": "2025-04-30T00:00:00+01:00",
   "source_id": "c19",
   "confirmed_on": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
   "topic": "Button and coin batteries",
   "rule": "gov.uk's button and coin battery guidance sets out best practice and introduces no new rules.",
   "applies_to": "manufacturer; importer; distributor; online seller",
   "region": "GB",
   "legal_instrument": "Guidance; General Product Safety Regulations 2005 apply",
   "source_title": "Using button and coin batteries",
   "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/using-button-and-coin-batteries",
   "source_quote": "This guidance does not introduce any new rules or requirements for businesses.",
   "source_updated": "2025-07-10T16:14:02+01:00",
   "source_id": "c21",
   "confirmed_on": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
   "topic": "Button and coin batteries",
   "rule": "For online sales, distributors are encouraged to show battery warnings in product descriptions or images before the buyer commits to purchase.",
   "applies_to": "distributor; online seller",
   "region": "GB",
   "legal_instrument": "Guidance; General Product Safety Regulations 2005 apply",
   "source_title": "Using button and coin batteries",
   "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/using-button-and-coin-batteries",
   "source_quote": "included in product descriptions and/or images of the product when being sold online",
   "source_updated": "2025-07-10T16:14:02+01:00",
   "source_id": "c21",
   "confirmed_on": "2026-10-04"
  }
 ]
}